Basic Knowledge of Metals材料基礎知識
Basic concepts of hardness, tensile strength, elongation, residual stress, and alloys.
FAQ
What does hardness mean?
Hardness is a material’s resistance to indentation (common scales include HV, HBW, HRB, and HRC).
What does tensile strength mean?
Tensile strength is the maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before it breaks (unit: N/mm², which is the same as MPa).
What does elongation mean?
Elongation is the percentage a material stretches before it breaks. A higher number means the material is more ductile (it stretches more before breaking).
What is residual stress? How can the stress be removed?
Residual stress is stress left inside a material after work such as rolling, bending, or shearing. It may cause warping, or the material may change shape in use. Common ways to relieve the stress are stress-relief annealing (thermal), natural aging (long storage), and vibratory stress relief.
Is a metal alloy a mixture or a compound?
A metal alloy is a material made from one main metal with other metals or non-metal elements added. It has no single fixed chemical formula, so it is generally classed as a mixture. Its structure may be a single-phase solid solution or a multi-phase structure, and it can contain intermetallic compounds. The properties of an alloy usually differ from those of its separate elements.
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